4.7. SERVICES AS EMPLOYEE

These services engage the civil engineer to duties for regular salary from the employer.

1. A civil engineer can be employed in any institutional or commercial functions.
2. For part-time employment, as an employee and a consultant, the civil engineer should be compliant to the two different standards - as an employee and as a consultant.
3. If the civil engineer is employed in a consulting firm, he should comply with the standards of the firm or the consulting civil engineer.
4. Civil engineers working in the government are governed by laws prescribed by the Civil Service Commission.

RELATED TOPIC:

4.0. CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINEERING SERVICES

4.6. ACADEMIC SERVICES

Academic services of civil engineers include full or part-time teaching or training. These services include:

1. Teaching of civil engineering courses in colleges/universities. RA 8981 states that all subjects for licensure examinations shall be taught by registered professionals and who comply with CHED requirements.
2. Lecturing in PICE seminars for CPD credits.
3. Conducting tutorials/refresher courses on civil engineering subjects
4. A Resource Speaker in Technical Session
5. Writing technical articles

RELATED TOPIC:

4.0. CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINEERING SERVICES

4.5. ENGINEERING SUPPORT SERVICES

General engineering support services are as follows:

1. Drafting. Also called technical drawing, this is the creation of accurate representations of objects, buildings or houses for engineering purposes.
2. Land and construction surveying. Surveying works to establish the major features of the land surface, which can be affected with upcoming construction.
3. Procurement of adequate and correct data. These are information which need sound engineering judgment and guidance.

RELATED TOPIC:

4.0. CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINEERING SERVICES

4.4. SPECIAL SERVICES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

Special services in the profession include:

1. Geotechnical Engineering including test borings, sampling and analysis, and recommendation on soils.
2. Establishment of design criteria or demonstrate compliance
3. Surveying works. Land surveys, establishment of boundaries and monuments, preparation of easement descriptions, topographic surveys
4. Shop or laboratory inspections
5. Reproduction of reports, drawings, specifications, and documents required for bidding and construction
6. Value engineering
7. Extra travel and subsistence
8. Value engineering
9. Redesign to reflect changes by the client
10. Assistance to client as an expert witness in litigation
11. Final investigation
12. Preparation of documents for public works
13. Land planning and partitioning activities
14. Environmental assessments and impact statements
15. Detailed studies to meet special conditions encountered during construction
16. Assistance to the client in the selection and engagement of contractors and subcontractors.
17. Assessment of the project's ability
18. Computer simulation and modeling

RELATED TOPIC:

4.0. CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINEERING SERVICES

4.3. CONSTRUCTION SERVICES

A civil engineer can work as a contractor. However, this is true only after the civil engineer  is licensed as a contractor by the Philippine Contractors Accreditation Board (PCAB).

Section 23 of RA 544 states that only registered civil engineers can take charge or supervise construction or alteration of any building or structure and other engineering works.

4.3.1. RA 4566 (CONTRACTOR'S LICENSE LAW)

"R.A. 4566 as amended by P.D. No. 1746 provides that no contractor (including sub-contractor and specialty contractor) shall engage in the business of contracting without first having secured a PCAB license to conduct business. It is an offense to engage in contracting business without a license first being obtained."   [Construction Industry Authority of the Philippines]

4.3.2. TYPES OF CONTRACTORS LICENSE

• Regular license. Issued to a domestic construction firm ( a sole proprietorship/partnership/corporation with at least 60% Filipino equity.
• Special license. Issued to a joint venture, a consortium, a foreign contractor, or a project owner who authorizes the licensee to engage only in the construction or a single, specific project/undertaking.

4.3.3. AUTHORIZED MANAGING OFFICERS

The qualifications to be an AMO:

• Senior Executive of a company
• With at least 2 years experience in implementing a construction project in amanagerial or supervisory capacity; and
• Nominated by the firm and possessing managerial powers

4.3.4. SUSTAINING TECHNICAL EMPLOYEE

A Sustaining Technical Employee is a licensed technical professional with at least three (3) years experience.

The STE (Sustaining Technical Employee) forms the backbone of the contractor and represents the technical qualifications required for a PCAB license as well as the License Classification. STEs also play a major part in determining the License Category.

Every contractor shall have at least one Sustaining Technical Employee (STE) who has undergone the 40 hour Construction Occupational Safety and Health (COSH) Course for Site Safety Officers as a condition for license renewal or New License Application.

A Sustaining Technical Employee (STE) must have at least three (3) years experience of construction implementation and knowledge of Philippine construction-building codes and ordinances, labor safety codes and other laws applicable to construction operation

4.3.5. COSH SEMINAR

The Construction Safety and Health Seminar is a forty (40)-hour seminar that is intended to equip the contractor/applicant with the knowledge on standard occupational safety, health, practices and processes in construction industry. 

The following are those who should attend:

• The proprietor in an application for a new license
• Any person nominated as Authorized Managing Officer (AMO) in an application for new license of a partnership or corporation
• Any person designated to replace the AMO of a PCAB licensed contractor (application to be filed: CAMO: Change in AMO)
• Proprietors or AMO of applicants for upgrading of license category
• At least (1) Sustaining Technical Employee (STE) of the film. If the proprietor or AMO who are the same time STEs of their companies who have completed the course on COSH are deemed compliant

4.3.6. AMO SEMINAR

The AMO Seminar is a two(2)-day seminar that is intended to equip the contractor/applicant with the basic knowledge on construction safety, building and lien laws, taxation, labor and other relevant laws, and the basic principles of the construction business.

Notes are excerpts from Construction Industry Authority of the Philippines

RELATED TOPIC

4.0. CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINEERING SERVICES

4.2. DESIGN SERVICES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

There are six construction phases where civil engineering services are required.

4.2.1. STUDY AND REPORT PHASE

The feasibility of a project can be investigated in this phase:

1. Reviewing data and clarification of the client's requirements
2. Identifying and analyzing government requirements for the project approval.
3. Provision for clients' needs (planning surveys, evaluations) of prospective sites.
4. Provision of general economic analysis of clients requirements and alternatives.
5. Preparation of reports containing alternative solutions according to the findings and recommendations.
6. Informing the client of necessary data and services for the project.

• Photogrammetry
• Reconnaisance survey
• Property surveys
• Topographic surveys
• Geotechnical investigations
• Seismicity studies
• Hydrological data
• Traffic studies
• Materials engineering
• Zoning assembly
• Land use information like deeds
• Environmental assessments
• Impact assessment

4.2.2. PRELIMINARY DESIGN PHASE

Preliminary design includes establishment of general size, scope and location of the project. The services include:

1. Clarifying study and report phase and coordinating with governmental agencies and utilities.
2. Advising clients for additional data and services required.
3. Preparation of estimates
4. Provision of periodic status reports
5. Preparation of preliminary design documents
• Preliminary drawings
• Outline specifications

4.2.3. FINAL DESIGN PHASE

After approval of preliminary design, basic services for final design are as follows:

1.  Preparation of final drawing plans 
2. Preparation of revised estimate of probable total cost of the project
3. Furnishing the necessary data for the application of regulatory permits.
4. Preparation of basic construction documents for review and approval of the client.
5. Furnishing required copies for necessary documents.
6. Provision of periodic status reports

4.2.4. BIDDING OR NEGOTIATING PHASE

Services under this phase may include:

1. Assisting in the bidding process:
• Obtaining bids
• Attending pre-bid conferences
• Receiving and processing deposits for bidding documents
2. Issuing addenda for the bidding documents (interpretation, clarification, amending, expanding)
3. Assisting in determination of contractors, subcontractors, and materials suppliers.
4. Advice on acceptability of materials and equipment proposed by contractors and suppliers.

4.2.5. CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Services in this phase include consulting and advising the client during construction.

*Most Civil Engineers are not willing to assume the responsibilities associated with construction phase services without providing resident project representative services at the site.

1. Review work of constructors through design concepts and shop and erection drawings.
2. Review test reports on materials and equipment.
3. Visiting the project site to observe and check progress and quality of work.
4. Providing services by a full-time resident project representative and by supporting staff.
5. Issuing instructions from the client to the contractors - interpret and clarify; preparation of change orders, special inspections, testing of work, recommendation to the acceptability of work.
6. Recommend the client on corrective actions or contractual measures that may be exercised by the client.
7. Preparing sketches required to resolve problems due to actual field conditions.
8. Determining progress of work and preparation of payments due.
9. Observing and assisting performance tests and initial operation of the project.
10. Preparation of record drawings from information submitted by the contractor.
11. Conducting final inspection and reporting the completion of the project, recommend final payments to contractors and release retained percentages.

4.2.6. OPERATION PHASE

The civil engineer may assist in the start-up of the project operations.

• Preparation of a manual for both operation and maintenance requirements
• Provide assistance in adjusting and balancing equipment
• Identify deficiencies and assisting in obtaining corrections
• Perform inspection before the end of the warranty period
• Assist in operator training
• Set up job classifications and salaries
• Organizing purchase of supplies
• Develop charts for recording operational data
• Observing and reporting on project operations.

RELATED TOPIC:

4.0. CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINEERING SERVICES

4.1. CONSULTATIONS, RESEARCH, INVESTIGATIONS, AND REPORTS

The scope of services for this category includes:

• Collection interpretation, and reporting information
• Formulate conclusions
• Give recommendations

4.1.1. PRELIMINARY AND FEASIBILITY INVESTIGATIONS AND REPORTS

Before allocation of funds for a project, extensive investigations and analyses should be done with comparisons of potential plans.  The basis for conclusions and recommendations for undertaking a project are the following:

1. Environmental impact of the project. Effect of the project on the environment. Would the project develop pollution in the area? denudation of earth? 
2. Sustainable development. Economic development which does not deplete natural resources.
3. Operating costs. Also called Operational costs, they are the expenses related to business operation, or to the operation of a device, component, piece of equipment or facility. They are the cost of resources to maintain its existence.
4. Life-cycle costs. The total cost - recurring and one-time (non-recurring) - over the full life span or a specified period of a structure or system. It includes purchase price, installation cost, operating costs, maintenance and upgrade costs, and remaining (residual or salvage) value at the end of ownership or its useful life.
5. Financing considerations. Choosing between financing methods
• Payment terms
• Total cost
• Length of arrangement
• Associated costs
• Requirements of the lender or investor
6. Expected revenues. This signifies the amount projected to be collected during an accounting period.

4.1.2. PLANNING STUDIES

Civil engineer services cover the following:

• Developing engineering requirements for master plans
• Improvement plans
• Preliminary engineering studies of land development plans
• Urban plans
• Regional plans
• Investigations of environmental conditions

4.1.3. APPRAISALS, VALUATIONS AND RATE STUDIES

The service covers the establishment of prospective rates in evaluating properties through:

• analysis of existing conditions
• capital and operating costs
• overhead costs
• financing costs
• revenues

4.1.4. ASSISTANCE IN FINANCIAL MATTERS

For clients who intend to issue revenue bonds (Wikipedia: a special type of municipal bond distinguished by its guarantee of repayment solely from revenues generated by a specified revenue-generating entity), engineering services include:

• evaluation of the capabilities of facilities to meet needs
• probable construction costs
• annual revenue requirements

4.1.5. MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND EQUIPMENT TESTS

Using codes and standards, the service tests materials and equipment.

4.1.6. DIRECT PERSONAL SERVICES

This service covers preparation of legal proceedings.

4.1.7. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

The types of research covered:

1. Development of methods and materials in construction.
2. Improvement or upgrade of construction materials and methods.

4.1.8. SPECIAL SERVICES

Diverse activities in this scope are:

1. Value engineering
2. Appraisal and valuation
3. Load testing
4. Environmental evaluations
5. Traffic engineering
6. Forensic engineering for structural and other failures
7. Operational assistance
8. Materials process design
9. Pilot studies
10. Computer modeling
11. Safety engineering
12. Topographic, sounding and boundary survey engineering
13. Toxic and hazardous waste evaluation
14. Permit and application services
15. Sales and marketing services
16. Expert witness
17. Representation of municipal or private entities in projects proposed for privatization

RELATED TOPIC:

4.0. Classification of engineering services

4.0. CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINEERING SERVICES

With the various specializations offered by civil engineers, the services can be grouped into seven general categories.

1. Consultation, research, investigations, and reports
2. Design services for construction projects
3. Construction services
4. Special services for construction projects
5. Engineering support services
6. Academic services
7. Services as employee

Pursuant to RA 544, the different types of infrastructure under the civil engineering domain include:

1. Streets, bridges, highways and railroads

credits to ncdot.gov

2. Airports and hangars

Hangar = buildings for housing aircrafts
(credits to fsb-ae.com)

3.  Portworks, canals, river and shore improvements, light houses, and dry docks

Dry docks
(credits to ny.curbed.com)

4. Buildings

credits to honeywell.com

5. Fixed structures for irrigation, flood protection, drainage, water supply and sewerage works

credits to gabion1.com

6. Tunnels

credits to Leica Geosystems

The coverage of civil engineering has not been changed nor diminished by subsequent laws.

RELATED TOPICS:

4.1. Consultations, research, investigations, and reports

4.2. Design services for construction projects

4.3 Construction services

4.4. Special services for construction projects

4.5. Engineering support services

4.6. Academic services

4.7. Services as employee

3.8.13. VALUE ENGINEERING IN THE CIVIL ENGINEERING PROFESSION

Value engineering is defined in Indian Journal of Science and Technology as a methodology used to analyze the function of the goods and services and to obtain the required functions of the user at the lowest total cost without reducing the necessary quality of performance.

                                      

Although most of the time, value engineering is confused as cost-cutting techniques in the construction industry, Value Engineering involves cost reduction by improved functionality through lesser energy consumption through:

• Manpower
• Materials
• Machines

The activities involving value engineering in construction are the following:

1. Material availability
2. Methods of construction
3. Transportation issues
4. Site limitations or restrictions
5. Planning and organization
6. Costs
7. Profits

The methodology follows the pattern:

• Identify the main elements of service or project
• Analyze the functions of such elements
• Develop an alternative solution to deliver the functions
• Assess the alternative solutions
• Allocate costs for the solutions
• Develop the alternatives with potential success.

RELATED TOPIC:

3.0 The practice of Civil Engineering

PICE SPECIALIST ACCREDITATION

Canon Two of the PICE Manual discusses that civil engineers should not be using any specialists' title without due accreditation from the organization.

The Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers (PICE) grants a specialist title to anyone who is:

• A life member of PICE. Any regular member who is in good standing for at least ten years can apply and be verified by the National Board of Directors. Payment of Life Membership is 10,000 Php.
• Applied and evaluated as qualified by members of responsible Specialty Division.
• Passed the examination.

SPECIALTY DIVISIONS

1. Construction Management and Engineering
2. Environmental Engineering
3. Geotechnical Engineering
4. Structural Engineering
5. Transportation Engineering
6. Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering

TYPES OF TITLE ACCREDITATION

• Type I : PRC Accredited Specialty Engineers
• Type II: Screening and evaluation are based on experience and professional practice.

BENEFITS OF BEING A SPECIALIST

1. Accreditation can be a tool for negotiations in pay and position.
2. Additional credits are given to specialists in DPWH's screening and evaluation.
3. "Peer recognition" which implies technical experience and knowhow.

CREDENTIALS TO PRE-QUALIFY

1. Five (5) RATED years of continuous active practice in area of specialization for those working in the industry.
2. Five (5) RATED years of teaching in area of specialization for those working in the academe.

Or either of the following:

1. Masters degree in area of specialization with three (3) RATED years of professional practice in area of specialization.
2. Doctorate degree in area of specialization with one (1) year of professional practice in area of specialization.

REQUIREMENTS TO PRE-QUALIFY

1. At least 30 years old.
2. PICE life member
3. Required documents
• Personal data profile
• Record of work experience and service certified by Manager or Head of Office
• Record of teaching load and subjects certified by the Dean
• List of project undertaken
• Notarized self-certification stating that the individual has no pending administrative/criminal case filed against him/her.

ADDITIONAL CREDIT

Research output or paper presented in major conventions or published in engineering journals.

Data taken from the presentation of Miriam L. Tamayo, MSCE

3.0. THE PRACTICE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Quality is defined in the manual as a condition of satisfactorily meet both the project requirement and the expectations of the client or employer. It requires much effort which is considered:

• conscious
• continuous
• consistent

3.1. PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

As a faithful trustee to the public interest and private interest of clients, civil engineers have the following responsibilities:

1. Civil engineers shall conduct themselves in a highly professional manner and faithfully serve their clients and employers.

2. Civil engineers are bound by the Canon Laws.

3. Sustainable development is the top priority in professional engagement.

4. The highest standard of Ethical Professional Practice should be maintained when civil engineers are dealing with employers or clients.

3.2. CLIENT-CIVIL ENGINEERING RELATIONSHIPS

Many engineering works are formed between civil engineers and the following:

1. Government agencies
2. Industry
3. Private clients
4. Civil engineering firms engaged for a specific project
5. Public agencies
6. Independent civil engineering firms

3.3  OBLIGATIONS OF THE CIVIL ENGINEER

 As a faithful trustee, civil engineers are obliged to do the following:

1. Perform their obligations with diligence, care, and reasonable skill.

2. Shall act independently and accordingly to the contract, when required to certify or decide between a client and a third party.

3. Act as the client's faithful agent implied in the contract.

4. Give written notice on particulars of any change in the scope of services.

5. For staged services, civil engineers shall not initiate ay service without the approval of the client.

6. When required, civil engineers shall direct or work with other professions and integrate concerned work, but shall not be professionally liable for their work.

7. The civil engineer may recommend contractors or specialists to design and execute certain parts of the works.

8. Any interest which may have conflict of interest of the client should be notified by the civil engineer.

3.4. OBLIGATIONS OF THE CLIENT

The following obligations are of the client to the civil engineer:

1. The client shall pay the civil engineer for his services as stipulated in the contract.

2. Information required by the civil engineer shall be provided by the client in writing and the latter shall allow the civil engineer reasonable time.

3. The client shall cooperate and not interfere or obstruct in the performance of services.

4. The client shall make arrangements to allow the civil engineer to do site investigation and inspection of facilities ASAP.

5. The client shall shoulder the arrangement of services of other professionals and bear all costs.

6. In cases of clients allowing civil engineers as Engineer-to-the-Contract, the client shall give instructions through the civil engineers.

7. Client shall notify the civil engineer through writing within 7 days of any change he is aware of.

3.5. LIABILITY OF THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND THE CLIENT

1. The civil engineer shall pay for damages arising out of breach of duty of care against the civil engineer to the client.

2. The client shall be liable to pay to the civil engineer if a break of client's duty is established against the client.

3. Conflicts arising from the agreement between the client and the civil engineer follows the following process:

• Amicable settlement. Mutual understanding
• Mediation.  Negotiation overseen by a third-party called the mediator.
• Arbitration. negotiation where the third-party(considered as impartial) is in control in making the final decision.
• Litigation (court proceeding). Negotiation where courts and civil justice system are involved.

4. A third-party arbitrator should be mutually acceptable to both parties.

3.5.1. LIMITATION OR CIVIL ENGINEER'S RESPONSIBILITY

1. The civil engineer shall not be liable for damages, loss, and costs: 

• for any errors or omissions for documents not prepared by  him or under his control, 
• for fraudulent services or negligence by the client or any other consultant , contractor, supplier.

2. The civil engineer shall not be liable for the performance of other consultants, contractors, suppliers (regardless of recommendation).

3. The civil engineer shall not be responsible for the procedures of techniques adopted by any third party.

3.5.2. DAMAGES

If the civil engineer is found liable, the damages shall be paid on the following terms:

1. Damages for the foreseeable loss and damage as a result of the breach.

2. The maximum amount is specified in the Specific Provision. However, if no specific amount is given: the lesser of 300,000Php or 10% of the total amount damages or 25% of the total fees payable under the agreement.

3. If a third-party is found liable in some parts of the service, the amount payable shall be limited to the proportion of work under breach.

3.6. SUSPENSION OR TERMINATION OF SERVICES

1. In cases when the civil engineer is not liable but it is impossible to continue the project, the civil engineer shall notify the client promptly.

2. If only portions of the work are suspended, time shall be extended

                            

For cases with reduction of performance speed, extension depends on the circumstances

3. A 30-day (minimum)notice shall be given by the client to the civil engineer in cases  when client suspends or terminates work. Upon notification, civil engineer should make necessary arrangements to stop operation.

4. A 30-day (minimum)notice shall be given by the civil engineer for suspension or termination of services under the following conditions:

• No payment (or part of it) of the client 30 days after due date
• When the client suspends work for more than six months, or if it is clear to the civil engineer that it is impractical to continue services before the suspension exceeds six months.

When services are suspended or terminated, the civil engineer is entitled to the payment of the following:

• Consequential cost
• Expenses and disruption fees
• Remobilization fees on resumption

3.7. OWNERSHIP OF DATA, DESIGNS AND DOCUMENTS

The civil engineer owns the following documents, which shall be used for specific projects covered in the contract between the client and the engineer:

• Design analyses
• Drawings
• Specifications
• Reproductions

3.8. CIVIL ENGINEERING SERVICES

Typical services offered by civil engineers:

1. Designs, consultations, and advice
2. Feasibility studies
3. Field investigations and engineering data collection
4. Environmental assessments, impact statements, or engineering reports
5. Opinions of estimates
6. Preliminary and final designs, drawings, specifications, and construction bidding documents
7. Assistance in securing construction bids and in awarding contracts
8. Construction administration and observation
9. Arrangments for or performance of testing of materials and equipment
10. Assistance in start-up, assessment of capacity, and operation of facilities
11. Preparation of operation and maintenance manuals
12. Appraisals and rate studies
13. Value engineering
14. Expert testimony
15. Assessment of risks
16. Structural remediation or rehabilitation
17. Project management and controls
18. Provision of supplemental temporary staff
19. Teaching

3.9. SELECTION OF A CIVIL ENGINEER

The selection of a civil engineer is one important  decision for the client.

A. For engineering services in construction projects.

The compensation for services (full range) of an engineer in construction projects should not be less than 1 to 2% of the life-cycle cost. Thereby, selection should include an engineer who can monitor the project from design, construction, and start-up.

B. As a consultant

Compensation depends on the cost of services so selection is based on:

• Qualification
• Experience
• Reputation
• Quality of client service

Although selection based on quality and expertise made by the client might be subjective, it is better to assign a qualified individual in the company to do the choosing.

Once the selection is completed, discussions between the client and the civil engineer should define the two important things before the compensaton of the engineer:

• Scope of work
• Expectations from the services 

3.10. PRIME PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE

The civil engineer can work:

1. Directly. Serve the client (considered as the project owner)

2.Indirectly. When working as a sub-consultant through another engineer or architect.

3.11. EMPLOYMENT

Civil engineers covered by the manual are those employed by:

• Professional consulting firms
• Government agencies
• Educational institutions
• Construction firms
• Manufacturing
• Commercial entities
• 
  

3.12. DESIGN COMPETITION

Design competition is the process through which a civil engineer is to be selected above other competitors based on proposal or an innovative approach to solving a client's needs.

Invitation is through:

• Directly through solicitation
• Indirectly through a letter of request through publication or newspaper

3.13. CONTINGENCY BASIS OF EMPLOYMENT

Payment is made as per accomplishment as stipulated in Canon 5c.

3.14.  PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE OF FOREIGN CIVIL ENGINEERS

RA 8981 allows foreign engineers to practice in the Philippines by the following conditions:

1. Laws of the foreign country also allow Filipino civil engineers to practice their profession on the foreign soil.

2. Allowed under international agreement.

3. Consultant to be engaged in foreign-funded, joint venture or foreign-assisted projects of the government

4. Employees of Philippine or foreign private institutions pursuant to the law.

5. Naturalized Filipino civil engineers who had been registered prior to naturalization.

There are requirements for foreign civil engineers to comply before practicing in the country:

• Certificate of registration/license
• Special permit from PRC
• Special permit from Department of Labor and Employment 

2.0. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES AND CANONS

2.0. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES

Civil engineers made an oath to uphold the integrity, honor, and dignity of the profession by the following principles:

1. Using their knowledge and skill for the enhancement of human welfare and the environment.

As technical professionals, civil engineers should work to develop human life and also to sustain the environment. It is just one part of the profession to develop human welfare by constructing structures for people's convenience. Civil engineers also need to keep the environment sustainable and preserved.

2. Being honest and impartial and serving with fidelity the public, their employers/employees and clients.

Civil engineers should work in honesty, whole heartedly and equally where they prioritize the welfare of the public, their co-workers, higher ups and clients.

3. Striving to increase the competence and prestige of the civil engineering profession; and

Whatever an engineer does in his profession, he holds the title, so he is obliged to work in the discipline which can bring proper credence to the profession.

4. Supporting the professional and technical societies of their disciplines.

Civil engineers have the job to extend help in other professional disciplines in order to reach development of the society and the nation.

2.1. CANONS OF ETHICS

CANON 1: Civil Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public and shall strive to comply with the principles of sustainable development in the performance of their professional duties.

a. Civil Engineers' decisions and judgments should prioritize the welfare - safety and health - of the general public.

b. The only documents to be approved or sealed by civil engineers are those he reviewed or prepared. Review shall be based on engineering standards to the safety of the public.

c. In cases that a civil engineer's judgment is overruled, he should inform the client or employer of the possible consequences.

d. If a civil engineer believes that someone is violating Canon 1, he shall inform proper authority through writing.

e. Civil engineers should participate in civic affairs for the betterment of communities or for sustainable development.

f. Improvement of the environment through sustainable development is the responsibility of civil engineers.


CANON 2: Civil Engineers shall perform services only in areas of their competence.

a. Civil engineers can only work on projects where they are qualified in education and experience.

b. Civil engineers still can accept project proposals out of their competence and experience but their services are only limited to certain phases with their expertise.

c. Civil engineers shall not be signing or sealing any documents out of their competence.

d. Civil engineers are not allowed to use Specialty titles unless they are granted so by PICE Specialist Accreditation.

• Structural Engineering
• Transportation Engineering
• Water Engineering
• Geotechnical Engineering
• Project Management and Construction Engineering
• Environmental and Energy Engineering

CANON 3: Civil Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner.

a. Civil engineers are obliged to help out in sustainable development by extending knowledge and expertise but should not participate in any activities which are deemed untrue or unfit in the profession.

b. Civil engineers shall be objective when stating reports or testimonies. They shall be thorough in reporting relevant and pertinent information.

c. In cases of civil engineers serving as witnesses, shall give their opinions only upon adequate foundation and thorough background of technical competence and also upon honest conviction.

d. Civil engineers shall not criticize or ague on matters allocated by interested parties.

e. Civil engineers shall be humble and modest and should avoid any acts which promote their own interests.

CANON 4: Civil Engineers shall act in professional matters for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees, and shall avoid conflicts of interest.

a. To avoid conflicts, civil engineers shall inform their clients and employers of circumstances which influence their judgment or quality of work.

b. Civil engineers shall not accept multiple payments from the same project unless employers agree or circumstances are disclosed.

c. Civil engineers are not allowed to accept (solicit) gratuities from contractors or other agents in connection with work where they are responsible.

d. Civil engineers working in public services shall not participate, or render service for agencies in private practice.

e. Civil engineers are obliged to disclose to their employers if a project is unsuccessful, based from studies.

f. Confidential information disclosed to civil engineers should not be used for making personal profit if it adversely affects clients, employers or the public.

g. In cases where civil engineers are offered professional employment apart from their current positions, they are to inform their employers.

CANON 5: Civil Engineers shall build their professional reputation on the merit of their services and shall not compete unfairly with others.

a. Civil engineers shall not participate, in any way, any political consideration, contribution or gratuity to secure employment, exclusive of employment through recruitment agencies.

b.Contracts should be discussed and interpreted for services based on competence and qualifications required for the service.

c. Professional commissions could be accepted only when projects or parts are completed where their professional judgments are not compromised.

d. Misrepresentation or falsification of any sort of their qualifications are not allowed.

e. Civil engineers shall give due credit to persons or agencies for accomplishments extended in projects completed.

f. Advertising services can only be done in a manner not derogatory to the dignity and integrity of the profession. Examples of permitted advertising:

• Professional cards
• Brochures with professional profile
• Advertising in professional publications and dignified businesses
• Posted statement  of the name and the type of service of the engineer
• Descriptive articles of technical press which describes direct participation of the engineer.
• Commercial advertisements should be modest and dignified

g. Civil engineers should not injure the reputation and prospects of another engineer.

h. Civil engineers should not use their employer's facilities to carry on outside work without the latter's permission.

CANNON 6: Civil engineers shall act in such a manner as to uphold and enhance the honor, integrity, and dignity of the civil engineering profession.

Civil engineers shall not do any acts, which will be derogatory to the profession.

CANON 7: Civil engineers shall continue their professional development throughout their careers, and shall provide opportunities for the professional development of those civil engineers under their supervision.

a. Civil engineers should be kept current by:

• Engaging in professional practice
• Participating in continuing education courses
• Reading technical literature
• Attending professional meetings and seminars

b. Civil engineers should encourage engineering employees to become registered ASAP.

c. Civil engineers should encourage their engineering employees to attend professional and technical seminars and meetings.

d. Civil engineers shall uphold the principle of mutually satisfying relationships.