7.1. ARTICLE II. BOARD OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

The Board of Civil Engineering is a collegial body under the administrative supervision by the Commission. The Bill forwarded by Senator Lacson (approved on 31st of March 2011) includes the composition of the Board with four members and a chairman, all of which shall be appointed by the President of the Philippines, upon the endorsement of the Commission).

• Selection of members. The said members are selected from the list submitted by PICE. This list considers three (3) nominees for each position.
• Selection of the chairman. The President of the Philippines will appoint the chairman from among the members of the Board.

*In contrast with the Bill from Senator Lacson, the condensed version which is currently applied states that 2 members are involved in the Board instead of 3.

7.1.1. TERMS OF OFFICE

The Board members shall hold office for a term of three (3) years after their appointment. The first Board members hold office for the following terms:

• Chairman - three years
• 2 members - for two years
• 2 members - for one year

Each member will be qualified by taking proper oath of office. And any member may be removed by the President of the Philippines after given opportunity to defend himself in the administrative investigation of the Commission. During investigation, the member is suspended under the power of the President and a temporary member is appointed. Grounds for termination are:

• Neglect of duty
• Incompetence
• Malpractice
• Unprofessionalism
• Unethical
• Immorality
• Dishonorable conduct

Vacancies in the Board shall be filled only on the unexpired term. 

No member shall be appointed more than two consecutive terms.

7.1.2. POWERS AND DUTIES OF THE BOARD

The board has the authority to:

1. Administer oaths, issue, suspend, revoke, and reinstate certificates of registration and professional identification card for the practice.
2. Issue and revoke special temporary permits
3. Investigate such violations of this Act and the regulations, and issue subpoena and subpoena duce tecum in connection with charges presented to the Board
4. Inspect 
1. educational institutions offering courses in civil engineering 
2. Civil engineering works, projects, or corporations
5. Discharge such powers and duties as may affect ethical and technological standards of the profession

7.1.3. PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTING RULES AND REGULATIONS

Rule and regulations are made known in different ways:

1. The latest editions of the Civil Engineering Code and Manual of Professional Practice (prepared by PICE)
2. The PICE shall prepare a code of ethics in the practice
3. The Board shall also adopt an official seal to authenticate its official documents

7.1.4. QUALIFICATIONS OF BOARD MEMBERS

At the time of appointment each Board member shall be:

1. A citizen and resident of the Philippines
2. At least 30 years old and of good moral character
3. A holder of a bachelor's degree in Civil Engineering from a recognized institution
4. A Civil Engineer duly qualified to practice in the Philippines
5. Has practiced for a period of not less than 10 years before his appointment. At least 5 years as 
1. Civil Engineer-of-record
2. Civil Engineer In-charge of Construction
3. Civil Engineer Prime Professional
6. Not a member of faculty of any institute teaching Civil Engineering course
7. An active member in good standing of the PICE

7.1.5. COMPENSATION OF THE BOARD

The Board members shall receive compensation the sum compared to the amount received by similar members in other existing professional regulatory boards.

The compensation is computed as:

• 100Php each application for examination
• 50Php for each certificate registration
• 15Php for each applicant examined (each Board member)

An appointed Board member in the service of the government shall receive compensation as stated above in addition to his salary in the Government.

7.1.6. ANNUAL REPORT

The Board shall submit to the Commission a detailed report of its activities and proceedings during the period covered at the end of each fiscal year.


RELATED ARTICLE:

7.0. RA 544: CIVIL ENGINEERING LAW

7.0. RA 544: CIVIL ENGINEERING LAW

Republic Act 544 is an act to regulate the practice of Civil Engineering in the Philippines, which was approved on the 17th of July, 1950. It was amended by RA 1582, which was also approved on the 16th of June 1956.

The version appearing on the PRC site is a condensed version of 5 pages. 

The Act has been re-introduced by Senator Panfilo M. Lacson as Senate Bill no. 2770. The Senator brought to life the Act as he explained that civil engineers are currently confronted with broader issues and they have to integrate the socio-economic and environmental issues with the technical aspects of the construction projects.

"The Civil Engineer is constantly challenged to design and build developments in a manner that is environmentally sound, socially acceptable, and globally competitive."

The Bill sought to achieve the following:

1. To align the law with the requirements for national development;
2. To strengthen the profession in facing the formidable challenges resulting from globalization and cross-border practice;
3. To continuously develop the level of competence of the civil engineers through:
1. Peer recognition of specialization in civil engineering
2. Continuing professional development
3. Strengthening the accredited professional organization of civil engineers
4. To clearly define the foreign nationalities practice of civil engineering in the country
5. To promote the growth of the consulting sector by recognizing international philosophy of multi-disciplinary services
6. To disregard provisions making multi-disciplinary consultancy services difficult, complicated ad impractical
7. To establish a clear, precise and practical delineation of professional and contractual accountability in the practice in order to serve the law better and protect the public interest

7.1. ARTICLE II. BOARD OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
7.2. ARTICLE III. EXAMINATION REGISTRATION AND CERTIFICATION
7.3. ARTICLE IV. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
7.4. ENFORCEMENT OF ACT AND PENAL PROVISIONS

NOISE POLLUTION

Although it seems like it is less critical than the other types of pollution, noise pollution is an emerging problem, especially in urban areas. 

Click here for pdf notes on NOISE POLLUTION

EXAMPLE 1.4.3. HOOP STRESS

A large pipe called a penstock in hydraulic work is 1.5m in diameter. It is composed of wooden staves bound together by steel hoops, each  in cross-sectional area, and is used to conduct water from a reservoir to a powerhouse. If the maximum tensile stress permitted in the hoops is 130MPa, what is the maximum spacing between hoops under a head of water of 30m? (Use mass density of water = .

For one hoop, the FBD shows two F for the hoop against the hydrostatic force caused by pressure.

And the force of the hoops is computed as:





From the FBD, use statics to attain equilibrium (prevent the staves to explode).







where pressure,




So, the required length becomes:

EXAMPLE 1.3.5. COMBINED STRESSES IN A SYSTEM

A steel strut S serving as a brace for a boat hoist transmits a compressive foce P=12kips to the deck of a pier as shown. The strut has a hollow square cross section with wall thickness t= 0.375in. and the angle  between the strut and the horizontal is . A pin through the strut transmits the compressive force from the strut to two gussets G that are welded to the base plate B. Four anchor bolts fasten the base plate to the deck.

The diameter of the pin is , the thickness of the gussets is , the thickness of the base plate is , and the diameter of the anchor bolts is

Determine the following stresses:

1. The bearing stress  between the strut and the pin,
2. The shear stress in the pin
3. The bearing stress between the pin and the gussets
4. The bearing stress between the anchor bolts and the base plate
5. The shear stress in the anchor bolts

(Disregard any friction between the base plate and the deck.)

There is only one formula used to solve the stress. The only things considered are the application of the force to the area considered.

                

                   

1. The bearing stress between the strut and the pin.

Check on the plan (b), regardless of the inclination of the strut (any angle applied), the pin will still be acting perpendicular to the strut. Hence, the two parameters are:

load:  

For the area, bearing stress requires the contact area between the strut and the pin. The contact area is the projected area between the two materials.

The contact area is taken as the thickness of the strut and the diameter of the pin.

Hence, 


By using these two parameters:

2. The shear stress in the pin

The pin will have to crack on two points where the strut is applying force.

The shear plane is the cross-sectional area of the pin.





So, with these parameters, the shear stress of the pin can be solved as:

3. The bearing stress between the pin and the gusset

For the bearing stress between the pin and the gussets, the inclination of the load does not matter because of the circular surface of the pin.

The area will be computed as follows:




The bearing stress between the pin and the gussets are solved as:

4. The bearing stress between the anchor bolts and the base plate

In order to solve the bearing stress between the anchor bolts and the base plate, the force applied should cause the contact between the two materials. That contact will occur when the force is applied to the base plate in a manner similar to sliding from the foundation (hence the use of anchor bolts).

For load:




For the area, there are 4 anchor bolts holding the base plate.











Thus, the bearing stress can be solved:

5. The shear stress in the anchor bolts

For the anchor bolt to shear, the cross-section is considered with the applied load parallel to the axis of the base plate.






So, the shear stress becomes:

5.4.1. WHAT IS A "LEVEL OF EFFORT" CONTRACT

A contract termed as "level of effort" is a type that has a procedure similar to cost reimbursement.  This contract requires the following:

1. A specified level of effort performed over a period of time given by the contractor. This is only through general terms.
2. The client pays the contractor a fixed amount.

This type of contract is usually negotatiated for study of a specified research or investigation and development area.

Payment under this contract is based on the effort extended and not on the results achieved.

This type of contract is used only when:

1. There is no definite scope of work defined.
2. An advance agreement is made on the required level of effort identified.
3. It is assured that the intended result is impossible to achieve by expending less than the stipulated effort.

5.0 THE SELECTION OF THE CIVIL ENGINEER

The autonomy in the workplace makes the works of a civil engineer unique from others. This chapter discusses recommendations for engineers to be selected.

5.1. BASIS FOR SELECTION

The primary move for a client in selecting an engineer is to define the scope of works in a project. The client determines performance requirements. The following are factors in the selection process for the private sector:

1. Reputation of the civil engineer as referred by the previous clients.
2. Validity of registration from PRC.
3. Qualifications and expertise in performing services.
4. Ability to assign a qualified staff on site to take charge of the project.
5. Possession of financial and business resources to accomplish the assignment.

For government projects, EO 164 and PD 1594 as amended apply to procurement of consulting services and selection of contractor for construction.

5.2. CLIENT'S SELECTION COMMITTEE

In big organizations, the person designated to select the civil engineer should be familiar with the project requirements and should be free from pressure - internal or external.

The committee should comprise of three individuals, one of which is a professional civil engineer. The individuals should demonstrate objectivity. Additionally, at least one should be thoroughly familiar with civil engineering practices.

5.3. QUALIFICATIONS-BASED SELECTION (QBS) PROCEDURE

QBS = Qualifications-Based Selection

* If the client has a satisfactory relationship with the civil engineer, there are steps which can be skipped in the procedure.

The procedure is as follows:

1. Statement of: 

1. General nature of the project.
2. Services required
3. Request statements
4. CE qualifications and experience

• RFQ. Request for qualifications. Request for general qualifications in a selected area of expertise.
• RFP.  Request for proposals. Shortlist for selecting a civil engineer for a specific project.

2.Prepare a budget expected from the potential civil engineer.

3. Evaluate statements. Select the best three civil engineers or firms.

4. Correspondence with the chosen engineers. 

   A. Describe the project in detail including:

       a. Scope of the project

       b. Services required

   B. Proposal for the engineer to describe:

       a. Plan for managing

       b. Plan for performing the required services

       c. Assigned personnel

       d. Proposed schedule

       e. Experience with similar projects

       f. Office location where services will be performed

       g. Financial standing

       h. Present workload

       i.  References

* Each civil engineer or firm should be given the opportunity to visit the site, review data and obtain clarification of  any required items.

* For complex projects, a pre-proposal conference might be beneficial.

5. Interview and discussion.

6. Check with recent clients of each engineer about the performance of services.

7. List the engineers of preference.

8. The best qualified engineer is invited to develop a detailed scope.

9. The engineer's proposed compensation should be taken into account.

10. If negotiations fail, inform the first civil engineer or firm through writing about termination  of negotiation and then proceed to the second engineer.

11. When an agreement (scope, schedule, compensation) has been reached, a written contract is finalized. 

5.4. SELECTION PROCEDURE FOR "LEVEL OF EFFORT" CONTRACTS

Bidding may sometimes be unsuitable for the project thus consulting civil engineers opt for level of effort. After furnishing all necessary data, negotiation in this type proceeds like steps 9-11 in QBS system.

5.5. TWO ENVELOP SYSTEM

As its name denotes, two submittals are required in a sealed form. One will contain the technical proposal and the other is the price proposal. The client will then open the technical proposals and checks which is best suited his purpose. After choosing the best technical proposal as he deems fit for the project, he opens the price proposal (second envelop).

The second envelops of those unchosen bidders will then be returned unopened.