Strain is another design parameter used to determine the strength of a material. This is defined as the change of elongation to the original length of the material.
Although this parameter will lead the designer to the actual load a material can handle, using strain in computations would need the size and shape of a material. Thus the use of the stress-strain diagram. The stress-strain diagram will give the designer the loading handled by a material without using shape and size; meaning this diagram is constant to a material.
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| courtesy of Mechanical Engineering |
There are different parts of this diagram but the engineers are only limited to use the proportional area or that area before the elastic limit. From its name proportional area would show that the change in stress is proportion to the change in strain. And as it does not exceed the elastic limit, this is the area where materials are still able to return to their original length or size when they are unloaded.
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