1.0 BASIC GEOMATICS: ELEMENTARY SURVEYING

Surveying can be traced down to as early as the Egyptian era when the pharoahs instructed the construction of the massive pyramids. Until present surveying evolves both on the development of instruments used and scope of study. At present surveying not only limits its researches on land and water but also until space.

Elementary surveying is the preliminary course in understanding the gound - elevations and distances. From distance measurements, the course will enable students to measure angles, determine directions, and identify boundaries of specific areas.

This course is a preliminary study to prepare students for topographic surveys from higher surveying, routes in engineering surveys, and eventually will provide needed knowledge in understanding both highway engineering and transportation engineering.

This course covers the following:

• Introduction 
• Basic concepts in surveying
• Measurement of horizontal distances
• Measurement of vertical distances
• Measurement of angles and directions
• Traverse and balancing survey
• Directions and distances from coordinates
• Traverse area
• Traverse by coordinates and triangles